1.陈述不是“常识”的信息：
① [use relevant style guide’s
in-text citation format]
② As [Author] indicated/ stated/
discovered
③ According to [Author]
2.根据具体数据得出结论，推断或建议含义：
① suggests
② as evidenced/ suggested/
indicated by
③ based on
④can be seen/ observed when
⑤as seen in
⑥which is made apparent when
⑦is demonstrated by/ through/
when
⑧hinges on
3.区分概念：
①in a similar case
②unlike the case of
③in the same way
④as a case in point
⑤in a typical situation
⑥in a normal scenario
4.通过突出特定情况强调一点：
①for example
②indeed
③in fact
④notably
⑤markedly
⑥as a case in point
