每一轮MBA的申请，都会有不少同学在挑领导力故事素材的时候卡住，抓耳挠腮，怎么也想不起自己有啥高光时刻。
其实，对于有工作经验的申请人来说，最能体现领导力的地方一定是在工作中。但有时发生在办公室的情况是这样的：因为和同事观点不同，争执不休，不知道应该怎么说服对方，最后变成打嘴仗。之所以会吵架可能只是单纯为了把事情做好而着急，但实际心底也很想搞明白，怎么把这样的情况变成有领导力的解决问题呢？
这里教你一招，参考 Amazon 的14 Leadership Principles 和相关问题，不光提升领导力认知，还可以帮我们brainstorm工作中的领导力时刻。有时候即使自己拼命想也很难有收获，但是看到相关的启发提问时，你也许会灵光一现，想到自己也有类似的故事。同时，在准备Leadership essay 的过程中，你也会对领导力更有研究，甚至恍然大悟 哎，上次和Mr. She 因为工作而吵架，其实我应该这样来处理更好呢。
那么，什么是Amazon 14 Leadership Principles呢？都有哪些Principles可以参考呢？下面我们为大家一一解答。
1、什么是14 Leadership Principles?
Amazon这套14 Leadership Principles是它的Founder CEO Jeff Bezos创立，也是Amazon员工被鼓励的工作价值观，被誉为是驱使Amazon成功的因素之一。Amazon鼓励员工展现passion (激情)和有必要的confrontation (对峙)。他们非常重视创新，员工有时会彼此激烈竞争，来带动项目，展示对公司持续成功的贡献。所以在这种环境中成功，员工真的要展示不同一般的强大领导力。
Amazon会通过面试求职者这14个Leadership Principles的相关问题，来看他们是不是fit Amazon的culture和value。很多北美在读及已毕业MBA，在准备Amazon或美国其他Corporate面试的时候，也会参考这14个Leadership Principles的问题。早点熟悉了解，不光对MBA申请，对MBA求职也非常有帮助。
Amazon 14 Leadership Principles和面试问题都有哪些呢？ 下面我们为大家一一解读，建议大家耐心读完，把这些问题作为一定程度的guideline，提升对领导力的认知和实践，也给自己一个鼓舞，去思考提炼自己经历中的领导力故事，为MBA申请做充足的准备！
2、14 Leadership Principles 具体有哪些？
1. Customer Obsession （客户至上）
Leaders start with the customer and work backward. They work vigorously to earn and keep customer trust. Although leaders pay attention to competitors, they obsess over customers.
Who was your most difficult customer? （最刁难的客户？）
Give me an example of a time when you did not meet a clients expectation. What happened, and how did you attempt to rectify the situation? （没有满足客户期望，你怎么改善？）
When youre working with a large number of customers, its tricky to deliver excellent service to them all. How do you go about prioritizing your customers needs? （多个客户的需求，怎么排序？）
Tell the story of the last time you had to apologize to someone. （向别人道歉的例子。）
2. Ownership （主人翁精神）
Leaders are owners. They think long term and dont sacrifice long-term value for short-term results. They act on behalf of the entire company, beyond just their own team. They never say thats not my job.
Tell me about a time when you had to leave a task unfinished. （哪次没完成的工作就离开）
Tell me about a time when you had to work on a project with unclear responsibilities. （缺少清晰职责的项目）
3. Invent and Simplify (创新和简化）
Leaders expect and require innovation and invention from their teams and always find ways to simplify. They are externally aware, look for new ideas from everywhere, and are not limited by not invented here. As we do new things, we accept that we may be misunderstood for long periods of time.
Tell me about a time when you gave a simple solution to a complex problem. （复杂问题的简化方案）
Tell me about a time when you invented something.（创造新事物）
4. Are Right, A lot (决策正确）
Leaders are right a lot. They have strong judgment and good instincts. They seek diverse perspectives and work to disconfirm their beliefs.
Tell me about a time when you were wrong.（判断失误的例子）
Tell me about a time when you had to work with incomplete data or information. （不充分数据和信息，你怎么做？）
5. Learn and Be Curious (好奇求知）
Leaders are never done learning and always seek to improve themselves. They are curious about new possibilities and act to explore them.
Tell me about a time when you influenced a change by only asking questions. （通过问问题，带来改变）
Tell me about a time when you solved a problem through just superior knowledge or observation.（用知识和观察解决问题）
6. Hire and Develope The Best (招聘和培养最好的人才）
Leaders raise the performance bar with every hire and promotion. They recognize exceptional talent and will move them throughout the organization. Leaders develop leaders and take seriously their role in coaching others. We work on behalf of our people to invent mechanisms for development like Career Choice.
Tell me about a time when you mentored someone. （指导别人的时刻）
Tell me about a time when you made a wrong hire. When did you figure it out and what did you do? （招聘错误员工的例子）
7. Insist on the Highest Standards （高标准原则）
Leaders have relentlessly high standards many people may think these standards are unreasonably high. Leaders are continually raising the bar and driving their teams to deliver high-quality products, services, and processes. Leaders ensure that defects do not get sent down the line and that problems are fixed so they stay fixed.
Tell me about a time when you couldnt meet your own expectations on a project. （工作中没达到自己预期的例子）
Tell me about a time when a team member didnt meet your expectations on a project.（团队成员没有达到你的预期，你怎么做）
8. Think Big (远见卓识）
Thinking small is a self-fulfilling prophecy. Leaders create and communicate a bold direction that inspires results. They think differently and look around corners for ways to serve customers.
Tell me about your proudest professional achievement. （最骄傲的成绩）
Tell me about a time when you went way beyond the scope of the project and delivered. （工作超出项目范围，并带来好的结果）
9. Bias for Action (行动为王）
Speed matters in business. Many decisions and actions are reversible and do not need extensive study. We value calculated risk taking.
Describe a time when you saw some problem and took the initiative to correct it rather than waiting for someone else to do it. （看到问题并主动解决）
Tell me about a time when you took a calculated risk. （计算并承担可承受的风险，决策行动）
Tell me about a time you needed to get information from someone who wasnt very responsive. What did you do? （别人不睬你，你怎么办）
10. Frugality （节俭有效 足智多谋）
Accomplish more with less. Constraints breed resourcefulness, self-sufficiency, and invention. There are no extra points for growing headcount, budget size or fixed expense.
Tell me about a time when you had to work with limited time or resources. （有限时间和资源）
11. Earn Trust (赢得信任）
Leaders listen attentively, speak candidly, and treat others respectfully. They are vocally self-critical, even when doing so is awkward or embarrassing. Leaders do not believe their or their teams body odour smells of perfume. They benchmark themselves and their teams against the best.
What would you do if you found out that your closest friend at work was stealing? （最好的公司朋友偷窃，你怎么办）
Tell me about a time when you had to tell someone a harsh truth. （怎么告诉别人严酷的事实）
12. Deep Dive （深入理解）
Leaders operate at all levels, stay connected to the details, audit frequently, and are skeptical when metrics and anecdotes differ. No task is beneath them.
Give me two examples of when you did more than what was required in any job experience. （做的比要求的多很多）
Tell me about something that you learned recently in your role. （最近工作学习到的东西）
13. Have Backbone; Disagree and Commit (勇气，敢于说出不同意见，并服从大局）
Leaders are obligated to respectfully challenge decisions when they disagree, even when doing so is uncomfortable or exhausting. Leaders have conviction and are tenacious. They do not compromise for the sake of social cohesion. Once a decision is determined, they commit wholly.
Tell me about a time when you did not accept the status quo. （挑战现状）
Tell me about an unpopular decision of yours. （不受欢迎的决定）
Tell me about a time when you had to step up and disagree with a team members approach. （你怎么跳出来，不同意队友的工作方式）
If your direct manager was instructing you to do something you disagreed with, how would you handle it? （和直接老板意见不同，你怎么处理）
14. Deliver Results （追求结果）
Leaders focus on the key inputs for their business and deliver them with the right quality and in a timely fashion. Despite setbacks, they rise to the occasion and never settle.
By providing an example, tell me when you have had to handle a variety of assignments. Describe the results. （同时处理多任务）
What is the most difficult situation you have ever faced in your life? How did you handle it? （人生中最难的时候，怎么处理)
Give me an example of a time when you were 75% of the way through a project, and you had to pivot strategyhow were you able to make that into a success story? （有了大部分想法，怎么让它成功实现）
